Means for adapting a gasoline engine to the use of oil as fuel



. 27, i938. c- HANSEN ET AL MEANS FOR ADAPTING A GASOLINE ENG'lNE TO THE USE OF' OIL AS FUEL Filed April 5, 1937 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 2" 27, 1938. c. HANSEN ET AL MEANS FOR ADKPTINVG GASOLINE ENGlNE TO THE USE OF OIL AS FUEL 4 sheets-sheet 2 Filed April 5, 1937 Zu/Ena Em Hngen Fam .FEE/7er Dec. 27, 193%. c. HANSEN ET A1. 2,149435 MEANS FOR ADAPTING A GASOLINE ENCTlNE TO THE USE OF OIL As FUEL Filed April 5, 1937 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 jfl/517717115 55m fia/75517 Paz/L .5517er Dec. 27, 1938. c. HANSEN ET AL 24L435 MEANS vFOR'ADAPTING A GASOLINE ENGlNE TO THE USE OF' OIL AS FUEL Filed April 5, 1957 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 w N N1 @a mwN NN @N NM K Nw @n @n mm. wm.. NH4

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Patented Dec. 27, 1938 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Carl Hansen and Paul Besner, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Application April 5, 1937, Serial No. 135,179v

1 Claim.

This invention relates to a means for adapting a gasoline engine to the use of oil as fuel and particularly to the use of what is commonly known as fuel oil.

It has been previously proposed to do this and devices have been developed for this purpose. However, in most of these the attachment of the device required almost complete rebuilding of the engine so that they were not of a practical character since the saving in fuel did not warrant the expense involved. In most cases too, the device was very complicated and heavy. These known devices have, therefore, been very expensive to make and to install and generally have not pro.- vi-dedan easy means of changing over from the use of-one fuel to the other.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an internal combustion engine which can be operated-both with heavy oil and with gasoline.

It is a further object of the invention to provide easy and convenient means for changing over the engine from the operation with one fuel to operation with the other.

It is also an object of the invention to provide an arrangement whereby an engine of this type can be made from an ordinary gasoline engine and kwill require changes in a minimum number of parts.

According to the present invention, when the engine is running on gasoline, the gasoline is supplied to the cylinders through the ordinary carbureter and the gasoline supply is controlled by the usual accelerator. For oil operation nozzles are provided for each cylinder and fuel is supplied to the nozzles from a pump which is controlled from the foot accelerator. The foot accelerator is connected to a change-over device and this change-over device allows the accelerator to operate either the control means for the oilpump, or the gasoline supply control means, depending upon the position to which the changeover device has been adjusted.

The invention is further illustrated by reference to the accompanying drawings in which an internal combustion engine is illustrated by dotted and full lines,v the full lines representing the parts which must be added, or altered, according to the invention, andthe dotted lines representing the conventional and unchanged parts of the usual gasoline internal combustion engine.

Figurel is a plan View of an engine adapted according to `the invention showing schematically the, .control means,y and l the means y, forchanging (Cl.A 12S-32) over the engine from the use of one fuel to the other. i

Figure 2 is a side elevation of the engine accordingl to Figure 1 and taken from the side of the engine carrying manifold.

Figure 3 is a side elevation of the side of the engine opposite that illustrated in Figure 2.

Figure 4 is a section taken on line 4--4 of Figure 2.

Figure 5 is an enlargement of the nozzle shown in Figure 4 with the section extended to show a preferred form of non-return valve in the nozzle.

Figure y6 is a vertical central section of the pump-distributor illustrated in elevation in Figure 3.

Figure '7 illustrates a preferred form of a changeover means showing it in end elevation and illustrating particularly the movable member.

Figure 8 is an enlarged section taken along the line 8-8 of Figure '7 and shows both the movable and stationary members with their plungers.

Figure 9 is a fragmentary enlarged plan of the changeover means illustrated in Figure 1 and shows particularly the preferred form of the means for limiting the action of the movable member.

In the drawings the exhaust manifold I has an extension 2 situated above and extending along the engine head 3. The circuit between the exhaust manifold and the extension is completed at one end by a branch connection 4 and at the other by vertical branches 5, which extend between the horizontal portion of the extension and the exhaust manifold itself. Nozzles 6 pass through these branches of the extension, the cooling chamber I of the engine head and the engine head proper 8. Provision is also made in the engine head for a spark plug 9 which is clearly shown in Figures 4 and 3. A pump III receives oil through a pipe-line Il and supplies it to the nozzles through pipe-lines I2. The intake manifold I3, which is surmounted by the usual air cleaner and gasoline Carburettor, has an additionalaperture for the admission of air to the cylinders when the engine is operating on oil. This aperture may `take the form of an extension I4 with `a conventional air cleaner I5 attached to it and having a valve I6 tol control the amount of air admitted. This valve is operated by means of rods and levers Il and I8 which are finally connected to` the changeover device 20 by means of the oil control plunger ZI.

The oil pump Ill is controlled in itsoperation by the U bracketL 22. This isrmoved inwardly and outwardly by the operation of a pivoted rack 23 and its pinion 24. The pinion is mounted on a rod 25 which is rotated by a rod 26, which Vin turn, by means of levers and rods, is likewise oonnected to the plunger 2| on the changeover de# vice 20. Y Y

Ihe pump I with its yoke 22 is shown in section in Figure 6.Y It consists essentially of radially disposed cylinders 21 with a plunger 28 operating in each of them, the said plunger being controlled by a spring 29. 'I'he cylinders have apertures 30 in their walls for the admission of oil and operation of the plungers closes the apertures and forces the oil to pass through the non-return valve 3l in the nipple 32. The lnipple 33 communicates with the oil supply pipe and introduces the oil into the well 34, which in turn has apertures 35 communicating with the wells surrounding the cylinders of the pump. The operation of the plungers is controlled by the cam 36 attached to the rotary disc 31 which rotates on a shaft 38. The rotary disc is slidably mounted on its shaft by means of the bearings 39 and it rotates within a collar 40 which is Vattached to and moved inwardly and outwardly with the yoke 22. The disc has a toothed circumference for engagement with pinion 4| mounted on the shaft 42 which is driven from the drive shaft of the en gine. Movementof the yoke inwardly .or outwardly causes the plunger to be more or less depressed by the action of the cam and thus controls the amount of oil suppliedV to each of the engine cylinders. When the yoke 22 is pulled outwardly as far as it will go the plungers are not sufficiently depressed to supply anycil to the engine.

In the enlarged section of the nozzle 6, shown in Figure 5, there is clearly illustrated open pas- Y Y sageways 44 in its walls which communicate freely withthe extension branches of the exhaust manifold. Oil enters the nozzle through the nipple 45 which contains a non-return valve similar to the one described inconnection with the nipple of the pump cylinders. This nonreturn valve is ofthe usual type, andfcomprises a seat 46, a ball 4'! and a spring 48 retaining the Y ball on the seat and closing the Valve until sufcient pressure is applied.

In operation the attachment for adapting the engine to the use of heavy oil, works as follows The oil is supplied from a pump l0 to the various nozzles projecting into the cylinders of the engine. These nozzles, because ofthe exhause fumes passing through the extension of the exhaust manifold and thus through the pase sageways in the walls of the nozzles, are sufficiently heated by the fumes so that the oil passing through the nozzle can be fired in the cyl'- inders. The proper Arelation between the piston strokes of the engine and the oil injection is maintained by having theY oil pumprgeared to and driven by a shaft which is in turn driven from the drive shaft of the engine. Movement of the camralong the shaft 38 about which it ro- Y tates varies the Vstroke of the plunger and thus controls the amount of oil supplied to the engine cylinders and as a result speeds upy or slows down the operation of the engine. Since the yoke 22 is connected by rods and levers to the'plunger 2l of the changeover mechanism 25 andV since theVv valve I6 in the intake manifold is likewise connected to the same plunger, movement inwardly and outwardly oi' the yoke 22 causes the corresponding opening and closing of the valve I6. In

this manner the air supply is adjusted to correspond with the oil supply.

In Figures 1, 2, '7 and 8 there is shown a device 2li for changing over the engine from the use of one fuel to the other. Figure 8 shows the position of the device for changing over the engine kfrom the use of the carbureter tothe use of the injection system. In this position the engine is at rest and the'delivery of the ,fuel supply pump is zero. In this position of the change-over device the throttle valve of the carbureter is open and theV air throttle l5 is closed. This can be mount- Ved in any convenient position between the engine and the control panel and is here shown attached to the ily wheel casing. The device comprises a base 49 having rigidly attached thereto a stationary member 50. This stationary member carries on its surface two projections each of which contains Vplungers 5I and 2| respectively. Theseplungers are controlled by springs 52 which tend to return the heads 53 to a position which, in relation to the inner face of the member 50, is not beyond the ilush Iposition.V Supported by the stationary mem'- normallyheld ushwith the'inner face of theV rotary member. The plunger 55 is connected by means of links to the foot pedal or accelerator Mounted on the rotating member 54 and extending well beyondrits Vcircumference are two radial projections 51 and 58. Radial projection 58 is connected by means of -links to the bar 59 which operates the valves tu. These valves control the flow ofY exhaust from the exhaust manifold to the vextension branches 5 which conduct the fumes about Vthe nozzle 6. Radial projection Slis 'connectedby means ofV a Bowden wire to afhand lever' control 6l.

A spring 62 has one end connected to the base 49'of the changeover device and the other en-d isconnected to the Yrotary member. The'connection of the spring to the base is made at'a part exactly on the vertical centre line of the Vrotary member while the connection to theV rotary member itselfis'made at a point Vslightly toone side of this centre line.

Plunger 5i is connected to the member which, in a gasoline engine, connects the accelerator pedal to the feed-controlling device.

' This means that the foot accelerator 56 is con- ;nected through its plunger 55, which is registering with the plunger 2,to the yoke 22 Aand that the plunger 5I is disconnected from the accelerator'pedal. Since the valve, I6 operates with the yoke 22, it is also connected to the foot pedal V56.V When pressure is taken olrthe pedal 56 the springs associated lwith the plungers bring the plunger heads flush with the'surfaces of the member to which they are attached and the movable member is free tormove within the stationary member. A slight operation of the control button 6I will cause, through itsBowden wirethe `rotary member to move the spring 62 slightly over the vertical centre line of the rotary member.. The action of Athe spring will then causeY the member to complete its movement.

The rotary member in moving carries with it a projection 58 which is connected to and controls the valvesV 6G. Thus, whenthe engine is'being changed Vfrom the use of gasoline to the use of oil, these valves open and allow the exhaust fumes to heat the nozzles; and when the changeover is being made in the opposite direction, these Valves close and the exhaust is carried away through the exhaust manifold in the usual manner.

Figure 9 is a plan view of a portion of the changeover device. It shows a stationary member with a cut out portion and the rotary member with a lug 63. The lug and cut out portion limit the movement of the rotary member so that when the lug is at one end of the cut out portion plunger 55 registers with plunger 2lv and at the other vend plunger 55 registers with plunger 5l. In operating the change-over device to change the engine operation from the use of gasoline to the use of oil, pressure is removed from the accelerator pedal which brings the rotor plunger, to which it is attached, flush with the surface of the rotor of the change-over device. The lever Si on the dashboard is then operated and thus, by means of the Bowden Wire, throws over the rotor so that its plunger is brought into registry with the other plunger of the stator so that the accelerator is then connected by means of the rotor plunger and the stator plung-V er to the levers controlling the operation of the fuel supply pump and the manifold air inlet valve i6. Movement of the rotor from the gasoline position to the oil position carries with it the arm 58, which movement in this direction causes the opening of the heat control valves 60.

With the apparatus described above an attachment is provided for a gasoline engine which adapts it to the use of oil and at the same time providesan easy means of changing over from the use of gasoline to oil and back again. An engine so adapted reduces to a great extent the exhaust odour common in internal combustion motors.

What we claim as our invention is:-

An internal combustion engine adapted to the use of both gasoline and oil comprising a gasoline carburetor, a gasoline supply for said carburetor, means for controlling the supply of gasoline to the carburetor, an oil injection nozzle for` each cylinder, a pump for supplying oil to said nozzles at intervals, means for varying, independently of the speed of the pump, the amount of oil supplied by the pump, an exhaust manifold having extensions for circulating exhaust fumes about said nozzles, an intake manifold having an air inlet, a valve for said air inlet, said valve being controlled by and operating with the means for varying the amount of oil supplied by the pump, and means `for changing over the engine from one fuel to the other comprising a rotor and a stator, said stator carrying two plungers one of which is connected to and operates the means for controlling the gasoline supply and the other of which is connected to the means for varying the amount of oil supplied by the pump, said rotor carrying one plunger connected to manual control means and adapted to register on movement of the rotor with either of the two stator plungers, and also a member connected to and operating valves between the exhaust manifold and its extensions so that When the engine is adapted for operation with fuel oil the valves are open, and means for moving the rotor and its plunger from registry with one plunger of the stator to registry With the other plunger of the stator.

CARL HANSEN.

PAUL BESNER. 

